DNA in Protein Synthesis

DNA in Protein Synthesis

Protein biosynthesis (synthesis) is the process in which cells build proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process, beginning with amino acid synthesis and transcription which are then used for translation. Protein biosynthesis, although very similar, differs between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Peptide Synthesis

In organic chemistry, peptide synthesis is the production of peptides, which are organic compounds in which multiple amino acids bind via peptide bonds which are also known as amide bonds. The biological process of producing long peptides (proteins) is known as protein biosynthesis.

Solid-phase Synthesis

Solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), pioneered by Robert Bruce Merrifield, resulted in a paradigm shift within the peptide synthesis community. It is now the accepted method for creating peptides and proteins in the lab in a synthetic manner. SPPS allows the synthesis of natural peptides which are difficult to express in bacteria, the incorporation of unnatural amino acids, peptide/protein backbone modification and the synthesis of D-proteins, which consist of D-amino acids.