DNA RNA Hybridization

DNA RNA Hybridization

When a mixture of DNA and RNA is heated to denaturation temperatures to form single strands and then cooled RNA can hybridize (form a double helix) with DNA that has a complementary nucleotide sequence. It is useful for determining relationships between DNAs and RNAs.

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Hybridization is the process, discovered by Alexander Rich, of combining complementary, single-stranded nucleic acids into a single molecule. Nucleotides will bind to their complement under normal conditions, so two perfectly complementary strands will bind to each other readily. This is called annealing. However, due to the different molecular geometries of the nucleotides, a single inconsistency between the two strands will make binding between them more energetically unfavorable.

Derivatization

PThe free amino acids cannot be detected by HPLC unless they have been derivatized. Derivatization is performed automatically on the amino acid analyzer by reacting the free amino acids, under basic conditions, with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) to produce phenylthiocarbamyl (PTC) amino acid derivatives.

Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry is a technique for identifying cellular or tissue constituents (antigens) by means of antigen-antibody interactions, the site of antibody binding being identified either by direct labeling of the antibody, or by use of a secondary labeling method. In Situ Hybridization techniques allow the demonstration of specific nucleic acid sequences (genes) in their cellular environment.